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Tuesday, January 25, 2011

USS Valley Forge (CVS-45) Black Jack Cruise Album

I was aboard the USS Valley Forge for this last cruise of my four years in the Navy (1951-55), not as ship's company but as an assigned squadron.  Ours was the VC-4 Squadron and our group of Corsairs had been specifically designed for sub chasing.  Our Commanders name was Emmet Shaw and if anyone has information about him, please let me know.  

I have enlarged several of the photos that I felt were especially important to me and If you would like additional photos enlarged please advise and I'll post them for you.  This cruise was an experience that will be in my memory banks forever.  Enjoy.................

USS Valley Forge

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1955 Cruise Log

Photo Album

Get a taste of ship board life! Enjoy this album of 45 photos from the 1955 Cruise Log. 
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I would like to further enhance the pages of this album. Can you identify anyone in these pictures? Do any of these pictures bring to mind a story or anecdote of your ship board life?

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123
Food line at ship's partyWe load for Europe, parking signs and allFarewell...
456
Good-bye to pier 7UnderwayAF's spotted
789
A Marine bull session on the fantailPlotting contactsRigging for the "cat"
101112
Talking shop with a destroyerThe storm should be hereThe radio shack
131415
Bringing two "Horses" into the barnGetting her readyThe print shop
161718
A day of prayer...and recreationJust don't drop me
192021
Don't rush there's plenty more.Easy...
easy does it...
...Navy style
222324
A brief interlude...An emergency appendectomyA highline transfer
292827
Refueling at seaPortrait of a fuel lineMaybe next payday...
282930
...on the doubleLighting off a boilerLooks like it will have to go
313233
Spanish dancers liven up the duty section40mm gun crew in actionWe were delayed by a little "wind and sea"
343536
Readying for the launchThe "paper mill"The inevitable shots
373839
Hearts at noontimeTurn to......and when you have finished that...
404142
Coming aboard...1954 Cruise MapAF's coming into the pattern
434445

Primary Fly's ViewHomeward boundGibraltar, just like the Prudential ads





I have enlarged several of the above photos for your enjoyment

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USS Valley Forge - Underway

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This was our crew working on a VC-4 Squadron Corsair

01-buffet.jpg
I believe that's me in the chow line-2nd from the right

25-refuel.jpg
Refueling at Sea- USS Valley Forge on the right, tanker in the middle, 
destroyer on the left

31-dancers.jpg
Spanish Dancers from Barcelona - we went to their club on liberty

33-ruffsea.jpg
This was during a storm off of the Azores 

40-afcomeabord.jpg
Coming aboard
Our compartment was the one with the portholes showing 
just under the flight deck

41-map.gif
1954 Cruise Map
The storm off of the Azores is shown 

44-homeward.jpg
Homeward Bound
The plane landing was one of our VC-4 Squadron Corsairs (F4U)


USS Valley Forge (CVS-45) Information

USS Valley Forge

CV-45/CVA-45/CVS-45/LPH-8

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USS Valley Forge
Underway in 1955


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Dedicated
to the
USS Valley Forge
and all the men who ever served on her, whether they were ship's company or members of the squadrons that served onboard her during her long and distinguished career.


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A brief history of the USS Valley Forge


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1946 as CV-45
1946 as CV-45

CV-45, CVA-45

While the "Happy Valley" was the last of the Essex CV9 class carriers, she was also known as a Ticonderoga class (long hull) carrier.
She was built with money raised from a special war bond drive by the citizens of Philadelphia. In September of 1944 her keel was laid in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. She was commissioned in November of 1946.


ORIGINAL STATISTICS

Displacement
36,380 tons
Length
888' 0"
Beam
93' 0"
Draft
28'7"
Speed
32.7 Knots
Complement
3,448
Armament
12 - 5" 38 caliber dual purpose guns
and
72 - 40mm anti-aircraft guns
Aircraft
80

The Valley Forge may have been the last of the Essex class fast carriers of World War II, but she had many firsts in her long and distinguished career.
In 1948, she along with her destroyer escorts, the USS Lawe and the USS Thomas, were the first American naval ships to make an around the world cruise since the "Great White Fleet" of 1907. During this cruise she was the first US Navy carrier to pass through the Suez Cannal and to conduct flight operations in the Persian Gulf.
Plank owner Stan S. Vitale (1946-1949) adds:
"...the name of the other two tin cans that were with us in our world cruise in 1948. They called them selves the 8 ball squadron - USS Law 763, USS Thomas 764, USS Kippler 765 & USS Wood 715."
Two years later, she would be the first US carrier to launch aircraft in the first naval air strikes of the Korean War. They were conducted by 12, F9F'3 of carrier air squadrons VF51 and VF52. These were the first US naval jets to go into battle. [A note here for all our British friends: the British carrier HMS Triumph got her planes in the air first.]
During her first deployment in Korea, her planes, consisting of Douglas AD Skyraiders, Vought F4U Corsairs and Grumman F9F's Panthers, flew more than 5,000 sorties and delivered over 2,000 tons of bombs and rockets. For your convenience we have alisting of squadrons attached to the Valley Forge during the Korean Conflict on a separate page.
She returned to San Diego in December of 1950 for overhaul. Upon arrival there, she received urgent orders directing her to sail back to Korea because during absence from her station, the Chinese communists had entered the Korean War. She hurriedly replenished her supplies and embarked a new air group, sailing back to Korea for her second deployment there. During this deployment her air craft would fly over 2,580 sorties and deliver some 1,500 tons of bombs.
The Valley Forge returned to the west coast in the summer of 1952. In October 1, 1952 aircraft carriers designated CV and CVB were reclassified as Attack Carriers and assigned the designation CVA. She was redesignated as CVA-45.
Later that year she was again deployed to Korea where her planes would drop some 3,700 tons of bombs on the enemy. This would be her last deployment to Korean waters during this war. She returned to San Diego in June of 1953. Her service in Korea would earn her eight battle stars along with a Navy Unit Commendation.



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CVS 45 and group
CVS 45 and group

CVS-45

After a west coast overhaul the Valley Forge returned to the east coast, being assigned to the Atlantic Fleet. At this time she was reclassified to antisubmarine warfare support carrier CVS-45.
She was refitted at Norfolk Naval Shipyard for her new duties as an ASW carrier and returned to the fleet in January of 1954. She would operate on ASW duties in the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean, until March of '61.


1955 STATISTICS

GENERAL DIMENSIONS
Standard displacement
27,100 tons
Design draft
26'6"
Displacement
(of designing draft)
33,100 tons
Length
888' 0"
Beam
93' 0"
MAIN PROPULSION PLANT
Boilers
8
Engines
4
Propellers
4
Shaft Horsepower
150,000 ahead
48,000 astern
ARMAMENT
Main Battery
12 - 5" 38 caliber dual purpose guns
Second Battery
11 Quadruple 40MM mounts
AVIATION FACILITIES
Planes
40 ASW carrier type aircraft
Catapults
2
Aircraft elevators
3
GROUND TACKLE
Anchors
2
SHIP'S BOATS
Admiral's Barge
1
Captain's Gig
1
Officers' motor boat
1
Motor whaleboats (26')
2
Motor launches (40')
2

1955 cruise mapFrom pier 7 in Norfolk, Virginia, the Valley Forge departed on her September 1954 cruise. Along with visits to Belfast, Ireland; Barcelona, Spain; and "The Rock", Gilbraltar, she participated in Operation Black Jack.
Photos from this cruise may be viewed in analbum on-line. They also serve as a graphical essay on ship-board life.
Another Naval first for the "Happy Valley" came in 1957 when operating out of Guantanamo Bay. Here she would embark a Marine detachment and twin engined HR2S-1 Mojave helicopters experimenting on the new concept of "vertical envelopment." These helo's air-lifted the Marines to the beachhead and then returned them to the ship in history's first ship-based air assault exercise.



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Monday, January 24, 2011

Featuring the USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)

Today I am featuring the USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) which is the Navy's newest aircraft carrier named after President George H.W. Bush.  I would like to be able to visit aboard this great aircraft carrier - my old carrier, the USS Valley Forge, was very small in comparison.  

USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) pulls into the Naval Station Mayport basin.
The Navy's newest aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)
pulls into the Naval Station Mayport basin

An F/A-18E Super Hornet assigned to the Flying Eagles of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 122 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).
An F/A-18E Super Hornet  lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)

An F/A-18F Super Hornet assigned to the Flying Eagles of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 122 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).
An F/A-18F Super Hornet 
 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)

An E-2C Hawkeye assigned to Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron (VAW) 120 approaches the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).
 An E-2C Hawkeye 
 approaches the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)

An F/A-18C Hornet assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 122 launches from the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).
An F/A-18C Hornet 
 launches from the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77)

USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) performs a refueling at sea with USNS John Lenthall (T-AO 189).
USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) performs a refueling at sea with USNS John Lenthall (T-AO 189)

Saturday, January 22, 2011

I couldn't resist - More USS Carl Vinson pics + USS Nebraska

The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) makes a turn while underway.
 The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) makes a turn while underway.

The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) makes a turn while underway.

The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) makes a turn while underway.


A port quarter aerial view of the nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine USS Nebraska (SSBN 739) underway in the Atlantic.
 A port quarter aerial view of the nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine USS Nebraska (SSBN 739) underway in the Atlantic.
This is for Micheal who served aboard the USS Nebraska
The Ohio-class ballistic-missile submarine USS Nebraska (SSBN 739) returns to Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
 The Ohio-class ballistic-missile submarine USS Nebraska (SSBN 739) 
returns to Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.

Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Great Navy / Carrier pictures / Best Navy in the World

Even though it has been 55 years since I served aboard an aircraft carrier (USS Valley Forge) there will always be a place in my heart for the US Navy and especially the aircraft carriers.  I wish to honor all of the Navy service men & women that are presently protecting our country through their service, and do my best to do so by showing these great pictures on my blog.


An F/A-18C Hornet assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 25 launches from the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) during heavy seas.
 An F/A-18C Hornet assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 25 launches from the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) during heavy seas.

Operations Specialist Seaman Kile Skrobacki, assigned to the operations department, stands a lookout watch as the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)
A lookout watch as the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) gets underway

An EA-6B Prowler assigned to Electronic Attack Squadron (VAQ) 134 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)
An EA-6B Prowler assigned to Electronic Attack Squadron (VAQ) 134 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)

A C-2A Greyhound assigned to Fleet Logistics Support Squadron (VRC) 40 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)
 A C-2A Greyhound assigned to Fleet Logistics Support Squadron (VRC) 40 lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)

How do you like the white caps?  Anyone want to try their luck at landing in a rough sea?

Sailors prepare for flight operations in heavy seas aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70).
Sailors prepare for flight operations in heavy seas aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)

The guided-missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill (CG 52) transits behind the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)
The guided-missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill (CG 52) transits behind the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)

All of the above pictures are of the USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) taken in January 2011, and I get the itch to be back aboard every time I see shots like these.  I don't think they are looking for a 79 year old Aviation Storekeeper PettyOfficer though....the best of luck guys, my prayers are with all of you for a safe voyage.

Saturday, January 15, 2011

"A Travel-log of Our Trip from Nebraska" by Alice H. Phelps

My posting today is a true travel-log written by my Grandmother Alice H. Phelps (as shown in the 1940-1941 section of my book "Gibbon's Secrets".



We left Gibbon, Nebr for Seattle, Wash on Thursday August 18 at 7:15 am.  There were 7 of us; Reginald, Addie, Jeannine and Budddy, Fred Phelps (our nephew), Frank and myself.  It was a lovely, cool morning for Aug in Nebr.  Our first stop was at Overton, where we saw the Wallace’s.  As Lawrence had just gone to Lexington we failed to see him.  Then on West to North Platte, where we stopped and rested by making some small purchases in a dime store.  We stopped at Sutherland and had lunch.  The day was very warm and windy.  Eats awful.
            The scenery was not worth mentioning from there on until we were over the line in Wyoming.  Shortly after this we noticed a low dark cloud in the S.W. which proved to be our 1st glimpse of a mt. range.   Addie had been driving up till this time, but began to have a severe headache.  We decided to stop for the night as we were near Cheyenne, where we had planned to spend our 1st night.  We stayed at the “Old Mill Cabins” a very nice place.  Very soon Frank had met some young people from Alma who were well acquainted with Johnny and Evelyn.
            We arose very early in the morning, all refreshed and feeling fine after a good night’s rest.  A happy surprise was in store for us.  Frank saw Mr. Mickey out walking with Mrs. Mickey; Thais & Gordon had arrived in the night and were in the cabin adjoining one of ours.  We were glad to have one more glimpse of Gibbon people – But had to start driving on.  The scenery was most interesting with unusual formations and the mt. range was close enough to see the snow on the peaks, and also feel a strong cold wind blowing.  Words are lacking to describe the beauty of the hills covered with pine trees, the colorful rocks and odd shapes.  Well built viaducts were seen along the way.
            We stopped the car at the lone pine tree to wait for the truck.  The tree is an old land mark, 80 years old.  It has grown out of solid rock.  We took some pictures, hope they are presentable.  The children are well & happy enjoying the many changing scenes.  About 8:30 Friday morning we arrived at Summit Inn, the highest point on Lincoln highway, 8,835 ft and then began the descent.  The drive was wonderful tho a little breath taking.  As we came out of the gorge we saw the mtns again - very blue in the distance.  Then we saw Laramie, a lovely city at the foot of snow capped mtns.
            We enjoyed a very good breakfast at Laramie and started on west ward.  The less said about the country between Laramie & Rawlins, the better.  If the Indians gave that land to the whites, it was a good joke on the whites, as it is just a desolate alkali and sage brush covered country.
            About 5 miles east of Medicine Bow we stopped at Como Museum which is the oldest building in the world as it is built of Dinosaur bones.  After looking over the relics we started on.  As the truck had been slowing down and seemed to be getting worse it had to go to a garage at Harina.  We were in the car and waited about 2 hrs at Dana – a little mining town which looked like it might be in Switzerland.  Low houses with green or red roofs.  A 60 mi wind was blowing a gale which liked nothing better than snatching off hats.  If you don’t believe it ask Frank.
            At last we came to Rawlins.  It is a nice town.  We ate dinner and decided to drive awhile as we had lost so much time.  The roads were perfect.  About 7 o’clock we reached the Continental Divide.  This marks the division of the great river system of the US.  Tributaries of the Mo & Miss flow to the East.  The Snake flows NW to the Columbia and the Green into the Colo.  We talked to the people who live in this tiny place.  They told about -40 degree weather and how lonely they were when the tourist season was over.
            When we arrived at Wamsuttes we engaged cabins for the night.  We had poor accommodations, but as we were very tired were thankful for beds to sleep in.  A beautiful morning greeted us.  The air was so fresh and pure we were glad to be on our way.  We noticed a few birds but had traveled many miles without even seeing a chicken.  The scenery began to be more interesting.  We passed the Point of Rocks and the drive from there on was very scenic – high towering rocky bluffs on both sides of the road.  Then sage brush and more safe brush.
            Just before we came to Oakley the truck was found to be out of gas with no station in sight.  We knew that we had been cheated at the last gas station.  Jeannine stayed there until Addie went back with the gas, then we continued on our way.  The scenery was improving and at last we left Wyoming and we were not sorry.
            We spent the 3rd night at Soda Springs, had a good supper, good cabins and wee soon sleeping snugly under 2 heavy blankets.  As we had a stove in our cabin, Frank started a fire with wood and coal and we enjoyed it very much.  We were on the road at 6:00 am and traveled over the most beautiful country we had seen, arriving at Pocatello at 8:30 where we were quite ready for a hearty breakfast of cakes, sausages, fruit & postem.  We were on Highway 30 which took us out of Pocatello thru a tunnel which delighted the children.  Much to Buddy’s surprise we discovered posters with “Welcome Buddy” on many store windows and conspicuous places.  The American Legion was having 2 days of celebrations.        
            Our next stop was at the American Falls, which is a beautiful sight.  Reg, Addie, Fred & the children went down to the pier and took pictures.  The next point of interest was a great rocky point marked “Indian Massacre Rocks”.  One  could easily imagine what had taken place there many years ago.
            The afternoon was warm and as the road led away from the Snake River, which we had had to our right for many miles, we noticed an alkali soil covered with thick sage brush and wondered if we had in some way gone back into Wyo.  Very few varieties of flowers were seen.  Sun flowers, golden rod, Indian paint brush and bunches of small yellow flowers were all we noticed.  We had been following the truck all day.  At Burley, in some way we missed it and went on.  After about 10 miles we decided to wait and in about 30 minutes were very glad to see it come over the hill.
            The road was very good so in good time we arrived at Twin Falls where we ate lunch and loafed around for about an hour.  We saw a handsome cowboy.  He was dressed in a rich dark red satin shirt, black trousers, high heeled boots and a big black hat.  I think he knew we were looking him over as he gave us a whimsical smile.  We were soon in a beautiful valley were poplar trees were very popular.  Great clumps and long rows of them lined the road and they were very beautiful.  Then we saw some peach and apple trees loaded with fruit.  Then we saw little water falls coming out of the great rocky bluff to our right.  This water made its way in to the Snake River.
            During the afternoon we crossed over one of the highest bridges in the world; over the Snake River.  But the thrill of the afternoon was going up and over a great hill.  I could not take my eyes off the truck except when we would lose it around a curve.  It was made safely, and I was very thankful the Reginald and Addie were such good drivers.  Later we came to King Hill but I think the other one was the King.
            As we stopped at a filling station Buddy found a shinny nickel.  The very best one he ever had seen and the biggest I think.  We had planned to spend the night at Boise but when we arrived it was quite impossible to find lodging as the State Fair was being held there.  We had to dive on about 30 miles farther before we could get cabins.  We had driven over 400 miles that day which is a long trek with a heavily loaded truck on winding mountainous roads.
            We made an early start and found ourselves in a very beautiful country.  Great pine, hemlock and several other varieties of evergreen trees filled the valley and covered the mountain sides.  We also saw clumps of elder berries.  The boys discovered a down tire at Mountain Home, so we stopped while it was being patched.  Bought some peaches which were very good.  We had seen peach and apple orchards along the way.  Very beautiful yards were in evidence in residential districts.  Some lovely farm homes but more little shacks were seen.  We at lunch at Baker and quite fell in love with the place.  It is a grand little city of very friendly people.  We noticed so many weeping willow trees.  One place had a weeping willow hedge for a background.
            Nearly all cities of any size were having fairs or rodeos which made it difficult to find cabins.   Monday night we stayed in Umatilla.  We had a wonderful cabin.  Two full size beds with dresser, clothes closet, well equipped bath, Kitchenette with cupboard, table, electric grill and everything was new and clean.
            Reginald, Addie, and the children went over to Lyle, Washington via the Dalles.  They crossed on the ferry.  They returned about 10 o’clock as Addie’s brother Merton was in Tacoma.  Then we started on.  We changed our course, deciding to go via Yakima.  This valley is fruit laden.  We bought some large delicious peaches.  The trees were so loaded with fruit.  There were bright colored apples, peaches, plums and golden pears.  We had to go on the truck highway on account of the truck, but I don’t think we lost by so doing as the drive was very very beautiful.   We went thru a tunnel.  It is quite a thrill to go thru a mountain.  The truck had to pass a great transport in the tunnel.  Fred held his breath.  The road wound around the mountains, the trees were so tall and dense and the Kakima river down below reflecting the trees and the mountains.  At first I could not enjoy these drives as they took my breath away.
            When we were entering Ellensburg we had a flat on the car so decided to stay all night and finish the last lap in the morning.  The night was cold but we all survived and the drive thru the National Forest was the grandest sight I have ever seen.  There were beautiful fern and very colorful purple flowers and bright foliage along the road side.  The trees were taller and taller.  We suddenly came to a tract which had been recently burned over.  Great pines fallen over each other.  How such a fire could ever be controlled is a mystery to me.  Then we passed thru a beautiful section called “Big Tree Park”, by the Federated Women’s Club.  Then we went over another burned over section and the sky was heavy with smoke.  We could smell the smoke plainly although the fire was possibly many miles distant.
            Just outside of Falls City we saw some Totem Poles.  Very colorful.  The pleased the children as well as the grownups.  Frank had complained that the mountains were not up to his expectations, but this last mourning quite filled the bill.  As we went down thru a deep gorge for miles and miles with the great towering peaks on both sides of the road, and in the distance still higher ones.
            We are within 25 miles of Seattle.  Fruit and flowers are profuse.  Washington is the best we have seen.  We have arrived at Bothell where the broadcasting station is located where Lloyd Green made his 1st contact with Charles.  It is only 23 miles to Edmonds now and so at about 1:30 pm Wednesday August 24th we reached Edmonds, our destination.  We were welcomed by Charles, Margaret and Dorilee.  All our weariness was forgotten for a time, at least as it was so good to visit with the children and to know we had made a wonderful trip safely.

I was very blessed to have the hand written travel-log from my Grandmother Phelps.  This addition was truly a gift that I can share with everyone that reads my book "Gibbon's Secrets" which gives us a true picture of how it was to travel in that time period..........enjoy!! 

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Gibbon"s Secrets - Forward

     Many of the incidences in this story are true, but there are also some, although strictly fictional, definitely are appropriate for the time frame of the 1940’s.  Many of the individual characters in the story were truly a part of this story but some of them are fictional, and their resemblance to actual individuals is strictly coincidental.  Some of the names have been purposely changed or added to the story to complete the fictional picture.
With the ‘Great Depression’ nearing its end, and the war in Europe appearing to be getting stronger; the small town of Gibbon, in the middle of Nebraska, acquired a look of change.
The Phelps family lived in the last house on Park Street.  Their house was across the street from Gibbon’s North Side Park.  Reg and Addie Phelps had lived in their small, comfortable home for over ten years, and were good examples of the hard-working Nebraskans. The family consisted of a precocious daughter Jean and an energetic son Bud; plus two sets of grandparents, Frank and Alice Phelps, and Erskine and Jenny Claar. 
     Even though the war was far across the Atlantic Ocean, it had already impacted the everyday routines in Gibbon.  The newspapers and radios added to this war influence through pictures on the front pages and the speeches on the radio. 
Reg Phelps, my father, started collecting pictures and stories about the war at the beginning of 1940 – thinking that it would be a collection of true to life living history for me, his son, Bud.
I want to thank each person individually that has shown me support and has contributed toward the process of completing this story.  Starting with my wife Pat, she has listened to my stories, edited the book chapter by chapter, and in general has shown her full support to me.  My oldest daughter, Bridget, has been my main editor, and has spent hours making little meaningful marks on the pages of my book.  Thankfully she didn’t use red ink or the pages would have appeared like they were bleeding.  As an example, she told me – ‘the rule is that you shouldn’t use single quotation marks inside a paragraph unless they are inside double quotation marks’.  As you can see I didn’t always obey her because I just felt sometimes it added a little character.
My middle daughter, Shauna, did a fantastic job in creating the cover for Gibbon’s Secrets, along with assistance from Bridget’s husband Don – my excellent photographer son-in-law.
I have used several individuals as readers of the various drafts of my book: Wendy (my youngest daughter), Frank, Sue Ellen, and Jeanne; and I thank them for their time and input.
The pleasure I get from reading about history and remembering the everyday happenings of my youth has prompted me to write this story.  I feel enriched by the heritage of my family and the love that was shown throughout my early years as a boy in Gibbon Nebraska…

I therefore dedicate this story to my family and friends.  Read and enjoy my enhanced remembrance of the 40’s.